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Basic Communication Functions

To create some kind of context for Knowledge generating tools and machines, I would like to start with zoo-semiotics, or signs used by animals, or at the least, signs that animals respond to. Animals (dogs, for example) respond to a large variety of 'instructions', so it might be useful to explore some of the fundamental ways in which signs work, at the level of zoo-semiotics, before we go on to socio-semiotics, or the study of signs specifically within human (socio-) ecologies.